zIntroduction xiii
Purpose of the Study xiii
Methodology xiii
Significance of the Study xiv
Outline of the Study xiv
Chapter I
Meaning of Social Change 15
What is Social change? 21
Social Change and Value 23
Chapter II
Social Change in the Indian Subcontinent:
Historical Perspective 25
Impact of the British Rule on the Indian Subcontinent 26
Economic Changes 28
Educational Changes 29
Legal Changes 31
Social Changes : The Rise of the Middle Class and its Composition 32
Reactions of the Muslims and the Hindus Towards New 33
Forces of Change
The Muslim Movement Favouring the New Social Forces 36
Chapter III
Socio-Cultural and Administrative Obstacles to Change and
Development 41
Socio-Cultural Obstacles 42
Social Cleavage and Cultural Isolation of the Elite 42
World-View : Universe Controlled by Supernatural Power,
Fatalism and Dependence on Luck 43
Relaxed Time perspective 46
Pre-scientific Mentality 48
Fear and Skeptical Attitude towards Newness 48
Apathy of the People 49
Rigidly Hierarchical Social Relations 50
Absence of Entrepreneurs and Their Low Status 51
Superstitious Beliefs and Ideas 53
Particularism and Factionalism 54
Administrative Obstacles 55
The Colonial Administrative Heritage 56
Mechanical and Low Pitched Administration 57
Improper Differentiation of Line and Staff Functions 58
Over Centralization 59
Excessive Use of Conferences, Meetings and Committees 60
Excessive Exaltation of Generalist 61
Favouritism in Administration 62
Shortage of Technical Personnel 63
Imperfect Team-work 64
Corruption in Administration 65
Chapter IV
Tradition, Development and Modernity 67
Tradition and Modernity 68
What is Development? 76
Development- A Multi-dimensional Concept 78
Chapter V
Role of Intellectual in National Development 81
Intellectual and Social Transformation 82
Role of Academic Intellectual 89
Role of Administrative Intellectual 92
Chapter VI
Developmental Planning: Government, Education and Development 95
Role of Government in Development 96
Education and Development 98
Planning Education for Development 99
Education, Human Resources and Development 100
Strategy of Human Resource Development 105
Chapter VII
Summary and Conclusions 115
Review of Literature 127
The British Impact on the Indian Subcontinent 127
Obstacles to Change and Development 128
Tradition, Development and Modernity 129
Role of Intellectual 131
Education and Development 133
Bibliography 137
