|
Acknowledgement |
vii |
|
||||||||||
|
Limitation |
ix |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter One |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Statement of the Problem |
19 |
|
||||||||||
|
Introduction |
19 |
|
||||||||||
|
Background of Education of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan |
20 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Two |
|
|
||||||||||
|
World Declaration on Education and Features of Education |
47 |
|
||||||||||
|
Kinds of Education |
47 |
|
||||||||||
|
Contrasts between 'formal' and 'non-formal' programs |
47 |
|
||||||||||
|
The main features of World Declaration on Education for All -1990 |
48 |
|
||||||||||
|
Delors Commission report 1996, UNESCO on Learning- the Treasure Within |
50 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education Conferences |
51 |
|
||||||||||
|
Goals and Strategies of the Dakar (Senegal) Framework for Action (DFA) by World Education Forum 2000 |
51 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Goals |
51 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Strategies |
52 |
|
|||||||||
|
World Conference on Early Childhood Care and Education |
52 |
|
||||||||||
|
United Nations Millennium Declaration-2000 |
53 |
|
||||||||||
|
UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education |
53 |
|
||||||||||
|
World Teaching Community |
53 |
|
||||||||||
|
Six goals of Education for All (EFA) |
54 |
|
||||||||||
|
The major education programs under UNESCO |
55 |
|
||||||||||
|
The UNESCO Associated Schools Project Network |
55 |
|
||||||||||
|
Early Childhood Care and Education |
55 |
|
||||||||||
|
Economic Crisis and Education |
56 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) |
56 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education for All Movement |
56 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education for All Global Monitoring Report |
57 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education for Holocaust Remembrance |
58 |
|
||||||||||
|
Gender Equality in Education |
59 |
|
||||||||||
|
General Education System Quality Analysis/ Diagnosis Framework (GEQAF) |
59 |
|
||||||||||
|
Higher Education |
60 |
|
||||||||||
|
Human Rights Education |
60 |
|
||||||||||
|
ICT in Education |
61 |
|
||||||||||
|
Addressing exclusion (Inclusive education) |
61 |
|
||||||||||
|
Languages in Education |
62 |
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy |
62 |
|
||||||||||
|
Education in Emergencies: Preparedness, Response, Recovery |
62 |
|
||||||||||
|
Policy and Planning |
63 |
|
||||||||||
|
The Right to Education |
63 |
|
||||||||||
|
Science and Technology Education |
64 |
|
||||||||||
|
Secondary Education |
64 |
|
||||||||||
|
Teachers Education |
65 |
|
||||||||||
|
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) |
66 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Three |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy and the Evolution of Education in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan |
67 |
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy Situation in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan |
67 |
|
||||||||||
|
Existing Literacy Situation and the Evolution of Education in Bangladesh History of Special Education in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan |
69
73 |
|
||||||||||
|
Primary Education in Bangladesh |
77 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Existing Primary Education (UPE) Projects in Bangladesh |
81 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Universal Primary Education (UPE) Projects in Bangladesh |
81 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Primary Education Development Program (PEDP) in Bangladesh |
81 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Reaching Out of School Children (ROSC) |
82 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
School Feeding Program |
83 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Primary Education Stipend project |
85 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Nationalization of Primary Schools in Bangladesh |
86 |
|
|||||||||
|
Secondary Education in Bangladesh |
89 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Secondary Education Programs in Bangladesh |
93 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
‘Secondary Science Education Sector Project (SSESP)’ |
93 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Secondary Education Sector Development Project |
93 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Higher Secondary Female Stipend Project (Phase-4) |
94 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Secondary Education Stipend Project (SESP) |
94 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Promote |
95 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
‘Secondary Education Quality and Access Enhancement Project (SEQAEP)’ |
95 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Teachers Quality Improvement in Secondary Education project (TQI-SEP) |
96 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Transformation of Existing Non-government Schools in Selected 306 upazila Headquarters |
97 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Development of Post-Graduate Government Colleges at the District Headquarters for Improving Quality of Education |
97 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Establishment of 11 Secondary Schools and 6 Colleges (Government) in Dhaka Metropolitan City |
98 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
ICT for Education in Secondary and Higher Secondary Level Project |
98 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Establishment of Foreign Language Training Centre |
98 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Policy Advisory Technical Assistance to Develop and Implementation Strategy of the National Education Policy with emphasis on Secondary Education Sector |
99 |
|
|||||||||
|
Higher Education in Bangladesh |
99 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
The public universities of Bangladesh |
101 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
The private universities of Bangladesh |
102 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Existing Program of Higher Education in Bangladesh |
103 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP) |
103 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Existing Program of Technical Education in Bangladesh |
181 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Skills and Training Enhancement Project (STEP) |
181 |
|
||||||||
|
Special Education in Bangladesh |
190 |
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy Situation and the Evolution of Education in India |
195 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Centrally Sponsored and Central Sector Schemes |
203 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Madhya Pradesh State Government Schemes |
204 |
|
|||||||||
|
Primary Education in India |
210 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
District Primary Education Program |
214 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Operation Black – Board Scheme |
214 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Jawahar Village Prosperity Scheme |
215 |
|
||||||||
|
|
State Government Schemes |
215 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Free of Cost Distribution Scheme of Text Books |
215 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Free of Cost Distribution Scheme of Text Books |
215 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Book-Bank Scheme |
215 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Free of Cost School Uniform Scheme |
216 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Student Safety Insurance Scheme |
216 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Teacher Welfare Programme |
216 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Secondary Education in India |
217 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Central Government Schemes for School Education |
218 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan |
220 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Adolescent Education Programme (AEP) |
254 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Improvement in Science Education Scheme |
269 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Computer Literacy and Study Scheme In Schools (Class Project) |
269 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Sanskrit Education Development Schemes |
270 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Information Technology Scheme |
270 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Education Technology Scheme |
271 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Open Schooling System |
272 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Management Structure at National Level |
274 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Management Structure at State and Union Territory Level |
277 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Management Structure at School Level |
279 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Higher Education in India |
286 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Central University |
289 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
List of Indian Central Universities |
289 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
State University |
297 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Private University |
298 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Deemed-to-be University |
299 |
|
||||||||
|
|
The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) |
303 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
The Council of Architecture (COA) |
304 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Indian council of social science research (ICSSR) |
304 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Indian council of philosophical research (ICPR) |
305 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Project of history of Indian science, philosophy & culture |
305 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Indian council of historical research (ICHR) |
306 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
National council of rural institutes (NCRI) |
306 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
National Assessment and Accreditation Council |
306 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Program or Schemes of Higher Education in India |
307 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Externally-Aided Projects in Technical Education |
308 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) |
308 |
|
|||||||||
|
TEQIP PHASE - I |
308 |
|
||||||||||
|
TEQIP PHASE- II |
308 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Technician Education Project-III |
309 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok |
309 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Colombo Plan Staff College for Technician Education (CPSC), Manila |
310 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
National Mission on Education ICT (NMEICT) |
311 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Role of Indian Government in Higher Education Sector |
321 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Administrative Structure for Higher Education in India |
323 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Technical Education in India |
323 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
India's Educational Programs for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes |
327 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Madrassa Education in India |
328 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Modernisation Scheme of Madarsa Education |
329 |
|||||||||
|
Special Education in India |
330 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Integrated Education For Disablled Children Scheme |
331 |
|
|||||||||
|
Literacy Situation and the Evolution of Education in Pakistan |
332 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Primary Education in Pakistan |
366 |
|
|||||||||
|
Balochistan Primary Education Project |
368 |
|
||||||||||
|
Pakistan Reading Project |
369 |
|
||||||||||
|
Social Action Programme (SAP) |
371 |
|
||||||||||
|
Primary Education Development Projects |
372 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Primary School Curriculum in Pakistan |
378 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Universalization of Primary Education in Pakistan |
379 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Teachers Training for Primary Education in Pakistan |
379 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Examination System of Primary Education in Pakistan |
380 |
|
|||||||||
|
Secondary Education in Pakistan |
380 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
The Second Sindh Education Sector Project for Pakistan |
388 |
|
|||||||||
|
Higher Education in Pakistan |
392 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Tertiary Education Support Project |
394 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
List of General Universities in Pakistan |
418 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Technical and Vocational Education in Pakistan |
424 |
|
|||||||||
|
Private Sector in Education in Pakistan |
424 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Innovative Programs |
425 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation |
425 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Language bias and ethnocracy in education of Pakistan |
426 |
|
|||||||||
|
Special Education in Pakistan |
426 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Four |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy Movement and Non-formal Education |
431 |
|
||||||||||
|
History of the Literacy Movement and Non-formal Education in Bangladesh |
|
|
||||||||||
|
History of the Literacy Movement and Non-formal Education in India |
431 |
|
||||||||||
|
The Status (in 2004) of Non-formal Education Scheme |
440 |
|
||||||||||
|
Programs and Schemes of Literacy in India |
446 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Bridge Courses/Back to School Camp in India |
451 |
|
|||||||||
|
History of the Literacy Movement and Non-formal Education in Pakistan |
452 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Literacy Targets in the Five Year Plans of Pakistan |
457 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Five |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy and Non-formal Education Programs/Schemes |
467 |
|
||||||||||
|
Literacy and Non-formal Education Programs/Schemes in Bangladesh |
467 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Literacy Program Delivery in Bangladesh |
467 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
The four projects undertook by The DNFE during mid nineties |
469 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Non Formal Education Project-1(NFE-1) |
469 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Non Formal Education Project-2(NFE-2) |
469 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Non Formal Education Project-3 (NFE-3) |
470 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Non Formal Education Project-4 (NFE-4) |
478 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Post Literacy and Continuing Education (PLCE) Program |
479 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Post Literacy and Continuing Education for Human Development (PLCEHD) Project-1 |
480 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
PLCE for Human Development Project-2 (PLCEHD-2) |
501 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
PLCE for Human Development Project-3 (PLCEHD-3) |
541 |
|||||||||
|
|
Mosque, and Temple Based Non-Formal Education in Bangladesh |
548 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) Operated Education in Bangladesh |
549 |
|
|||||||||
|
Literacy and Non-formal Education Programs/Schemes in India |
549 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Literacy Program Delivery in India |
549 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Education Program |
552 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
The Government of India’s literacy projects |
553 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Operation Blackboard |
553 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Restructuring and Reorganization of Teacher Education |
553 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
District Primary Education Program |
554 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Shiksha Karmi Project and Lok Jumbish Project in Rajasthan |
554 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Mahila Samakhya |
555 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Mid-Day Meal Scheme |
556 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Janshala (GOI-UN) Program |
557 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan |
558 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Nali Kali |
560 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Adult High School |
560 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Social Welfare Home |
560 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Scheme to Provide Quality Education in Madrasas |
561 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutes (IDMI) |
561 |
|||||||||
|
Literacy and Non-formal Education Programs/Schemes in Pakistan |
562 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Experimental Pilot Project Integrating Education and Rural Development (EPPIERD) 1977 and/Rural Education and Development (READ) 1980 |
564 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Village workshops |
565 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Women Education Centers/Community Viewing Centers |
566 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Adult Literacy Centers |
567 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Mohallah Schools |
567 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Mosque Schools |
568 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Non-formal schools of Human Development Foundation |
569 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Non-Formal Education Promotion Project |
571 |
|
||||||||
|
|
Primary Education Project (PEP) in Pakistan 1979-84 |
586 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
IQRA Pilot Project |
593 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Six |
|
|
||||||||||
Open Schooling in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan |
599 |
|
||||||||||
|
Open Schooling System |
599 |
|
||||||||||
|
Open Schooling System in Bangladesh |
600 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Bangladesh Open University |
600 |
|
|||||||||
|
Open Schooling System in India |
602 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) |
603 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Open Universities in India |
605 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
Indira Gandhi National Open University |
607 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
DR. BR. Ambedkar Open University (BRAOU) |
618 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Vardhman Mahaveer Open University (VMOU) |
621 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Nalanda Open University (NOU) |
622 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University |
628 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University (MPBOU) |
629 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
DR. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) |
632 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Karnataka State Open University (KSOU) |
636 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Netaji Subhas Open University (NSOU) |
638 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University (UPRTOU) |
641 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Tamil Nadu Open University (TNOU) |
642 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
PT. Sunderlal Sharma Open University (PSSOU) |
644 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Uttaranchal Open University (UOU) |
647 |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
K. K. Handique State University |
650 |
|
||||||||
|
Open Schooling System in Pakistan |
655 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Allama Iqbal Open Univesity (AIOU) |
655 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Chapter Seven |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Conclusion |
657 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Challenges |
658 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Readiness for Change |
659 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Quality in Education |
659 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Areas Require Special Attention for Primary Level Education |
664 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Areas Require Special Attention for Secondary Education |
669 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Areas Require Special Attention for Higher Education |
674 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Areas Require Special Attention for Non-formal Education |
679 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
Annexure |
681 |
|
||||||||||
